Macroeconomic policies for structural adjustment

Structural adjustment is an economy wide adjustment effort aimed at allocating resources better. The author contends that functioning markets and a low, stable inflation rate are two macroeconomic preconditions for implementing structural adjustment. He further concludes that in highly distorted economies the market system must be restored before adjustment efforts are undertaken. Fiscal deficits are probably a key determinant of trade deficits - particularly when the fiscal deficit is financed abroad. This paper is concerned with the identification of macroeconomic policies consistent with the long run sustainability of a stable market framework or with changes that may be required as a consequence of the implementation of the structural adjustment program. It is not directly concerned with issues of short run stabilization, although those issues, particularly that of the timing of policies are mentioned whenever relevant.Economic Stabilization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Macroeconomic Management,Banks&Banking Reform

The external effects of public sector deficits

This paper develops a two equation model for measuring how public sector deficits - and the way that they are financed - affect the real exchange rate, the trade balance, the current account and the level of external indebtedness. One equation relates the real exchange rate to the trade surplus and the other describes the trade surplus as a function of structural parameters, the fiscal deficit, and the stock of foreign assets. To make the model dynamic, one must allow for the fact that the level of foreign assets - one determinant of the trade surplus and current account - changes over time. The trade surplus, plus foreign internest earned, determines the evolution over time of the stock of foreign assets. Using this model, the paper makes the following conclusions. The level and composition of government spending affects the real exchange rate because of the effect of spending on nontraded goods. Changes in the trade balance are also bound to affect the real exchange rate. How much depends on how much expenditure must be switched to make the trade balance compatible with the change in aggregate spending.Economic Theory&Research,Economic Stabilization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Macroeconomic Management,Public Sector Economics&Finance

Advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable platforms in drug eluting stents

Coronary angioplasty with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is currently the most common stent procedure worldwide. Since the introduction of DES, coronary restenosis as well as the incidence of target vessel and target lesion revascularization have been significantly reduced. However, the incidence of very late stent thrombosis beyond the first year after stent deployment has more commonly been linked to DES than to baremetal stent (BMS) implantation. Several factors have been associated with very late stent thrombosis after DES implantation, such as delayed healing, inflammation, stent mal-apposition and endothelial dysfunction. Some of these adverse events were associated with the presence of durable polymers, which were essential to allow the elution of the immunosuppressive drug in the first DES designs. The introduction of erodable polymers in DES technology has provided the potential to complete the degradation of the polymer simultaneously or immediately after the release of the immunosuppressive drug, after which a BMS remains in place. Several DES designs with biodegradable (BIO) polymers have been introduced in preclinical and clinical studies, including randomized trials. In this review, we analyze the clinical results from 6 observational and randomized studies with BIO polymers and discuss advantages and disadvantages of this new technology.Fil: Rodriguez Granillo, Gaston Alfredo. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rubilar, Bibiana. Sanatorio "Otamendi y Miroli S.A.". Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes. Departamento de Imágenes en Cardiología. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Granillo, Gaston Alfredo. Sanatorio "Otamendi y Miroli S.A.". Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes. Departamento de Imágenes en Cardiología. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Alfredo E.. Sanatorio "Otamendi y Miroli S.A.". Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes. Departamento de Imágenes en Cardiología. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares; Argentin

Divine Omnipotence In Descartes\u27 Philosophy

The present thesis explores various aspects of Rene Descartes\u27 doctrine of divine omnipotence within the context of his overall philosophy and with reference to his medieval heritage. This thesis shows that, contrary to his multiple and explicit statements that God\u27s power cannot be limited in any way, Descartes took a more nuanced position on divine omnipotence that incorporated aspects of the widely accepted medieval position that God\u27s goodness is a constraint on his power. Furthermore, Descartes used the medieval concept of universals as he experimented with the use of modes to explain how a thing\u27s actual existence is possible by virtue of its ability to be clearly conceived

Localization of gauge fields in a tachyonic de Sitter thick braneworld

In this work we show that universal gauge vector fields can be localized on the recently proposed 5D thick tachyonic braneworld which involves a de Sitter cosmological background induced on the 3-brane. Namely, by performing a suitable decomposition of the vector field, the resulting 4D effective action corresponds to a massive gauge field, while the profile along the extra dimension obeys a Schroedinger-like equation with a Poeschl-Teller potential. It turns out that the massless zero mode of the gauge field is bound to the expanding 3-brane and allows us to recover the standard 4D electromagnetic phenomena of our world. Moreover, this zero mode is separated from the continuum of Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes by a mass gap determined by the scale of the expansion parameter. We also were able to analytically solve the corresponding Schroedinger-like equation for arbitrary mass, showing that KK massive modes asymptotically behave like plane waves as expected.Comment: 7 pages in latex, no figure

La exclusión social en Panamá (¿sistema penitenciario o guetos?)

Son los menores de edad en situación de marginalidad quienes principalmente sufren las consecuencias del clima de descomposición social que hoy afecta a un sector muy considerable de la ciudadanía panameña. En un contexto vital muy difícil y, lo que es peMarginalized minors are the principal victims of the social climate among Panama s citizens. In a difficult context, without positive expectations, young men and women (some of them still children) experiment problems as drug addiction, narcotraffic and

At the Movies: Avoiding Head-to-Head Competition on the Big Screen: The Economics of Movie Distribution

This paper provides theoretical explanations for devices that movie distributors use to avoid head-to-head competition. We use a simple static model to show how revenuse sharing exhibition contracts providex multiplex owners with incentives to take cross effects on demand into account. Then we simulate a dynamic version of the model to explian the practice of staggering the release dates of hit movies and consider how vertical integration affects release patterns and the allocation of movies to screens. The dynamic model is of independent interest because it allows for dynamic strategic interaction in a common agency framework.common agent; exclusive dealing; entertainment; film; licensing

Examining Associations between Servant Leadership, Job Burnout, and Job Satistfaction in the Iowa Probation and Parole Job Profession

The following research paper investigated the associations between servant leadership, job burnout, and job satisfaction in the Iowa probation and parole profession. There is extensive literature examining job burnout and job satisfaction in many disciplines, including the field of corrections. Leadership literature examining the servant leadership model remains limited. The leadership literature suggests that probation and parole agencies operate through a traditional paramilitary command and control hierarchy of strict adherence to rules, policies, and procedures. The importance and significance of this study are that it examined the extent to which probation and parole leaders practiced and engaged in servant leadership qualities, such as meeting the needs of officers and examined its associations with job burnout and job satisfaction. This study utilized a correlational research design on a sample of probation and parole officers in a rural Iowa community corrections department. This study utilized the Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ), Burnout Assessment Tool 2.0 (BAT), and the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) for data collection purposes. Pearson correlations were utilized for data analysis purposes. The findings indicated a strong positive correlation between servant leadership and job satisfaction r(29) = .65, p \u3c .001. Findings suggest no significant correlation between servant leadership and job burnout r(29)= -.22, p = .237. Findings align with current research on servant leadership as an effective leadership model. Future research should expand the sample size to include urban areas, correctional institutions, and other community corrections job classifications